11/25/2023 0 Comments Separate but equal definition warning![]() ![]() (The Constitutionality of such laws was upheld in Berea College v. ![]() In fact, some states adopted laws prohibiting schools from educating blacks and whites together, even if a school was willing to do so. In response to the Second Morrill Act, 17 states established separate land grant colleges for blacks which are now referred to as public historically black colleges (HBCUs). Prior to the Second Morrill Act, 17 states excluded blacks from access to the land grant colleges without providing similar educational opportunities. Provided, That no money shall be paid out under this act to any State or Territory for the support and maintenance of a college where a distinction of race or color is made in the admission of students, but the establishment and maintenance of such colleges separately for white and colored students shall be held to be a compliance with the provisions of this act if the funds received in such State or Territory be equitably divided as hereinafter set forth. One example of this policy was the second Morrill Act ( Morrill Act of 1890), which implicitly accepted the legal concept of separate but equal for the 17 states which had institutionalized segregation. ![]() This rejection is evident in the Slaughter-House Cases and Civil Rights Cases.Īfter the end of Reconstruction, the federal government adopted a general policy of leaving racial segregation up to the individual states. Furthermore, the state and federal courts tended to reject the pleas by African Americans that their 14th amendment rights were violated, arguing that the 14th amendment applied only to federal, not state, citizenship. However Southern states contended that the requirement of equality could be met in a manner that kept the races separate. After the end of Reconstruction in 1877, former slave-holding states enacted various laws to undermine the equal treatment of African Americans, although the 14th Amendment as well as federal Civil Rights laws enacted during reconstruction were meant to guarantee it. Following the war, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens, and Congress established the Freedmen's Bureau to assist the integration of former slaves into Southern society. Before the end of the war, the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act (Morrill Act of 1862) was passed to provide for federal funding of higher education by each state with the details left to the state legislatures. The American Civil War (1861–1865) policy yielded the cessation of legal slavery in the U.S., however not the intent of a different class of citizen. ![]()
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